'''Chemical Engineering Design Library (ChEDL). Utilities for process modeling.
Copyright (C) 2017, 2018, 2019 Caleb Bell <Caleb.Andrew.Bell@gmail.com>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
'''
__all__ = ['Mixture']
from collections import OrderedDict
from chemicals.elements import mass_fractions, mixture_atomic_composition
from chemicals.identifiers import CAS_from_any, mixture_from_any
from chemicals.utils import (
SG,
Joule_Thomson,
Parachor,
R,
SG_to_API,
Vfs_to_zs,
Vm_to_rho,
Z,
isentropic_exponent,
isobaric_expansion,
mixing_simple,
none_and_length_check,
property_mass_to_molar,
property_molar_to_mass,
speed_of_sound,
vapor_mass_quality,
ws_to_zs,
zs_to_Vfs,
zs_to_ws,
)
from chemicals.virial import B_from_Z
from chemicals.volume import ideal_gas
from fluids.core import Bond, Capillary, Grashof, Jakob, Peclet_heat, Prandtl, Reynolds, Weber, nu_mu_converter, thermal_diffusivity
from fluids.numerics import numpy as np
from thermo.chemical import Chemical
from thermo.eos import IG, PR
from thermo.eos_mix import PRMIX
from thermo.heat_capacity import HeatCapacityGasMixture, HeatCapacityLiquidMixture, HeatCapacitySolidMixture
from thermo.interface import SurfaceTensionMixture
from thermo.thermal_conductivity import ThermalConductivityGasMixture, ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture
from thermo.utils import phase_select_property
from thermo.viscosity import ViscosityGasMixture, ViscosityLiquidMixture
from thermo.volume import LINEAR_MISSING_IDEAL, VolumeGasMixture, VolumeLiquidMixture, VolumeSolidMixture
def preprocess_mixture_composition(IDs=None, zs=None, ws=None, Vfls=None,
Vfgs=None, ignore_exceptions=False):
r'''Composition preprocessing function for the :obj:`thermo.mixture.Mixture`
class, as it had grown to the size it required its own function.
This function accepts the possible ways of specifying composition, parses
and checks them to an extent, and returns the same arguments it receives.
The tasks it performs are as follows:
* Check if the input ID was a string, or a 1-length list, which is one
of the main keys or synonyms retrievable from
:obj:`thermo.identifiers.mixture_from_any`; if it is, take the
composition from that method (weight fractions will be returned).
* If the ID is a string or a 1-length list, set the composition to
be pure (if no other composition was specified).
* If the composition (zs, ws, Vfls, Vfgs) is a list, turn it into a
copy of the list to not change other instances of it.
* If the composition is a numpy array, convert it to a list for greater
speed.
* If the composition is a dict or OrderedDict, take the keys of it
as the identifiers from its keys and the composition as its values.
If no composition has been specified after the above parsing, an exception
is raised.
If multiple ways of specifying composition were used, raise an exception.
If the length of the specified composition is not the same as the number
of identifiers given, an exception is raised.
Note this method does not normalize composition to one; or check the
identifiers are valid.
'''
# Test if the input ID a string or a list
if hasattr(IDs, 'strip') or (isinstance(IDs, list) and len(IDs) == 1):
try:
# Assume the name was a pre-defined mixture
mix = mixture_from_any(IDs)
IDs = mix.CASs#d["CASs"]
ws = mix.ws#_d["ws"]
except:
if hasattr(IDs, 'strip'):
IDs = [IDs]
zs = [1.0]
elif isinstance(IDs, list) and len(IDs) == 1:
if zs is None and ws is None and Vfls is None and Vfgs is None:
zs = [1.0]
else:
if not ignore_exceptions:
raise Exception('Could not recognize the mixture IDs')
else:
return IDs, zs, ws, Vfls, Vfgs
# Handle numpy array inputs; also turn mutable inputs into copies
if zs is not None:
t = type(zs)
if t == list:
zs = list(zs)
elif t == np.ndarray:
zs = zs.tolist()
elif isinstance(zs, (OrderedDict, dict)):
IDs = list(zs.keys())
zs = list(zs.values())
length_matching = len(zs) == len(IDs)
elif ws is not None:
t = type(ws)
if t == list:
ws = list(ws)
elif t == np.ndarray:
ws = ws.tolist()
elif isinstance(ws, (OrderedDict, dict)):
IDs = list(ws.keys())
ws = list(ws.values())
length_matching = len(ws) == len(IDs)
elif Vfls is not None:
t = type(Vfls)
if t == list:
Vfls = list(Vfls)
elif t == np.ndarray:
Vfls = Vfls.tolist()
elif isinstance(Vfls, (OrderedDict, dict)):
IDs = list(Vfls.keys())
Vfls = list(Vfls.values())
length_matching = len(Vfls) == len(IDs)
elif Vfgs is not None:
t = type(Vfgs)
if t == list:
Vfgs = list(Vfgs)
elif t == np.ndarray:
Vfgs = Vfgs.tolist()
elif isinstance(Vfgs, (OrderedDict, dict)):
IDs = list(Vfgs.keys())
Vfgs = list(Vfgs.values())
length_matching = len(Vfgs) == len(IDs)
else:
if not ignore_exceptions:
raise Exception("One of 'zs', 'ws', 'Vfls', or 'Vfgs' is required to define the mixture")
# Do not to a test on multiple composition inputs in case the user specified
# a composition, plus one was set (it will be zero anyway)
if not ignore_exceptions:
if len(IDs) > 1 and ((zs is not None) + (ws is not None) + (Vfgs is not None) + (Vfls is not None)) > 1:
raise Exception('Multiple different composition arguments were '
"specified; specify only one of the arguments "
"'zs', 'ws', 'Vfls', or 'Vfgs'.")
if not length_matching:
raise Exception('Composition is not the same length as the component identifiers')
return IDs, zs, ws, Vfls, Vfgs
[docs]class Mixture:
'''Creates a Mixture object which contains basic information such as
molecular weight and the structure of the species, as well as thermodynamic
and transport properties as a function of two of the variables temperature,
pressure, vapor fraction, enthalpy, or entropy.
The components of the mixture must be specified by specifying the names of
the chemicals; the composition can be specified by providing any one of the
following parameters:
* Mass fractions `ws`
* Mole fractions `zs`
* Liquid volume fractions (based on pure component densities) `Vfls`
* Gas volume fractions (based on pure component densities) `Vfgs`
If volume fractions are provided, by default the pure component volumes
are calculated at the specified `T` and `P`. To use another reference
temperature and pressure specify it as a tuple for the argument `Vf_TP`.
If no thermodynamic conditions are specified, or if only one of T and P
are specifed without another thermodynamic variable as well, the T and P
298.15 K and/or 101325 Pa will be set instead of the missing variables.
Parameters
----------
IDs : list, optional
List of chemical identifiers - names, CAS numbers, SMILES or InChi
strings can all be recognized and may be mixed [-]
zs : list or dict, optional
Mole fractions of all components in the mixture [-]
ws : list or dict, optional
Mass fractions of all components in the mixture [-]
Vfls : list or dict, optional
Volume fractions of all components as a hypothetical liquid phase based
on pure component densities [-]
Vfgs : list, or dict optional
Volume fractions of all components as a hypothetical gas phase based
on pure component densities [-]
T : float, optional
Temperature of the mixture (default 298.15 K), [K]
P : float, optional
Pressure of the mixture (default 101325 Pa) [Pa]
VF : float, optional
Vapor fraction (mole basis) of the mixture, [-]
Hm : float, optional
Molar enthalpy of the mixture, [J/mol]
H : float, optional
Mass enthalpy of the mixture, [J/kg]
Sm : float, optional
Molar entropy of the mixture, [J/mol/K]
S : float, optional
Mass entropy of the mixture, [J/kg/K]
pkg : object
The thermodynamic property package to use for flash calculations;
one of the caloric packages in :obj:`thermo.property_package`;
defaults to the ideal model [-]
Vf_TP : tuple(2, float), optional
The (T, P) at which the volume fractions are specified to be at, [K]
and [Pa]
Attributes
----------
MW : float
Mole-weighted average molecular weight all chemicals in the mixture,
[g/mol]
IDs : list of str
Names of all the species in the mixture as given in the input, [-]
names : list of str
Names of all the species in the mixture, [-]
CASs : list of str
CAS numbers of all species in the mixture, [-]
MWs : list of float
Molecular weights of all chemicals in the mixture, [g/mol]
Tms : list of float
Melting temperatures of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
Tbs : list of float
Boiling temperatures of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
Tcs : list of float
Critical temperatures of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
Pcs : list of float
Critical pressures of all chemicals in the mixture, [Pa]
Vcs : list of float
Critical volumes of all chemicals in the mixture, [m^3/mol]
Zcs : list of float
Critical compressibilities of all chemicals in the mixture, [-]
rhocs : list of float
Critical densities of all chemicals in the mixture, [kg/m^3]
rhocms : list of float
Critical molar densities of all chemicals in the mixture, [mol/m^3]
omegas : list of float
Acentric factors of all chemicals in the mixture, [-]
StielPolars : list of float
Stiel Polar factors of all chemicals in the mixture,
see :obj:`chemicals.acentric.Stiel_polar_factor` for the definition, [-]
Tts : list of float
Triple temperatures of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
Pts : list of float
Triple pressures of all chemicals in the mixture, [Pa]
Hfuss : list of float
Enthalpy of fusions of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/kg]
Hfusms : list of float
Molar enthalpy of fusions of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/mol]
Hsubs : list of float
Enthalpy of sublimations of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/kg]
Hsubms : list of float
Molar enthalpy of sublimations of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/mol]
Hfms : list of float
Molar enthalpy of formations of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/mol]
Hfs : list of float
Enthalpy of formations of all chemicals in the mixture, [J/kg]
Gfms : list of float
Molar Gibbs free energies of formation of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/mol]
Gfs : list of float
Gibbs free energies of formation of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/kg]
Sfms : list of float
Molar entropy of formation of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/mol/K]
Sfs : list of float
Entropy of formation of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/kg/K]
S0ms : list of float
Standard absolute entropies of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/mol/K]
S0s : list of float
Standard absolute entropies of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/kg/K]
Hcms : list of float
Molar higher heats of combustions of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/mol]
Hcs : list of float
Higher heats of combustions of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/kg]
Hcms_lower : list of float
Molar lower heats of combustions of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/mol]
Hcs_lower : list of float
Higher lower of combustions of all chemicals in the mixture,
[J/kg]
Tflashs : list of float
Flash points of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
Tautoignitions : list of float
Autoignition points of all chemicals in the mixture, [K]
LFLs : list of float
Lower flammability limits of the gases in an atmosphere at STP, mole
fractions, [-]
UFLs : list of float
Upper flammability limit of the gases in an atmosphere at STP, mole
fractions, [-]
TWAs : list of list of tuple(quantity, unit)
Time-Weighted Average limits on worker exposure to dangerous chemicals.
STELs : list of tuple(quantity, unit)
Short-term Exposure limits on worker exposure to dangerous chemicals.
Ceilings : list of tuple(quantity, unit)
Ceiling limits on worker exposure to dangerous chemicals.
Skins : list of bool
Whether or not each of the chemicals can be absorbed through the skin.
Carcinogens : list of str or dict
Carcinogen status information for each chemical in the mixture.
Chemicals : list of Chemical instances
Chemical instances used in calculating mixture properties, [-]
dipoles : list of float
Dipole moments of all chemicals in the mixture in debye,
[3.33564095198e-30 ampere*second^2]
Stockmayers : list of float
Lennard-Jones depth of potential-energy minimum over k for all
chemicals in the mixture, [K]
molecular_diameters : list of float
Lennard-Jones molecular diameters of all chemicals in the mixture,
[angstrom]
GWPs : list of float
Global warming potentials (default 100-year outlook) (impact/mass
chemical)/(impact/mass CO2) of all chemicals in the mixture, [-]
ODPs : list of float
Ozone Depletion potentials (impact/mass chemical)/(impact/mass CFC-11),
of all chemicals in the mixture, [-]
logPs : list of float
Octanol-water partition coefficients of all chemicals in the mixture,
[-]
Psat_298s : list of float
Vapor pressure of the chemicals in the mixture at 298.15 K, [Pa]
phase_STPs : list of str
Phase of the chemicals in the mixture at 298.15 K and 101325 Pa; one of
's', 'l', 'g', or 'l/g'.
Vml_Tbs : list of float
Molar volumes of the chemicals in the mixture as liquids at their
normal boiling points, [m^3/mol]
Vml_Tms : list of float
Molar volumes of the chemicals in the mixture as liquids at their
melting points, [m^3/mol]
Vml_STPs : list of float
Molar volume of the chemicals in the mixture as liquids at 298.15 K and
101325 Pa, [m^3/mol]
rhoml_STPs : list of float
Molar densities of the chemicals in the mixture as liquids at 298.15 K
and 101325 Pa, [mol/m^3]
Vmg_STPs : list of float
Molar volume of the chemicals in the mixture as gases at 298.15 K and
101325 Pa, [m^3/mol]
Vms_Tms : list of float
Molar volumes of solid phase at the melting point [m^3/mol]
rhos_Tms : list of float
Mass densities of solid phase at the melting point [kg/m^3]
Hvap_Tbms : list of float
Molar enthalpies of vaporization of the chemicals in the mixture at
their normal boiling points, [J/mol]
Hvap_Tbs : list of float
Mass enthalpies of vaporization of the chemicals in the mixture at
their normal boiling points, [J/kg]
alpha
alphag
alphags
alphal
alphals
A
Am
atom_fractions
atom_fractionss
atomss
Bvirial
charges
Cp
Cpg
Cpgm
Cpgms
Cpgs
Cpl
Cplm
Cplms
Cpls
Cpm
Cps
Cpsm
Cpsms
Cpss
Cvg
Cvgm
Cvgms
Cvgs
economic_statuses
eos
formulas
Hvapms
Hvaps
InChI_Keys
InChIs
isentropic_exponent
isentropic_exponents
isobaric_expansion
isobaric_expansion_g
isobaric_expansion_gs
isobaric_expansion_l
isobaric_expansion_ls
IUPAC_names
JT
JTg
JTgs
JTl
JTls
k
kg
kgs
kl
kls
legal_statuses
mass_fractions
mass_fractionss
mu
mug
mugs
mul
muls
nu
nug
nugs
nul
nuls
permittivites
Pr
Prg
Prgs
Prl
Prls
Psats
PSRK_groups
PubChems
rho
rhog
rhogm
rhogms
rhogm_STP
rhogs
rhog_STP
rhol
rholm
rholms
rholm_STP
rhols
rhol_STP
rhom
rhosms
rhoss
ringss
sigma
sigmas
smiless
solubility_parameters
synonymss
U
Um
UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups
UNIFAC_groups
Vm
Vmg
Vmgs
Vmg_STP
Vml
Vmls
Vml_STP
Vmss
Z
Zg
Zgs
Zg_STP
Zl
Zls
Zl_STP
Zss
Notes
-----
.. warning::
The Mixture class is not designed for high-performance or the ability
to use different thermodynamic models. It is especially limited in its
multiphase support and the ability to solve with specifications other
than temperature and pressure. It is impossible to change constant
properties such as a compound's critical temperature in this interface.
It is recommended to switch over to the :obj:`thermo.flash` interface
which solves those problems and is better positioned to grow. That
interface also requires users to be responsible for their chemical
constants and pure component correlations; while default values can
easily be loaded for most compounds, the user is ultimately responsible
for them.
Examples
--------
Creating Mixture objects:
>>> Mixture(['water', 'ethanol'], Vfls=[.6, .4], T=300, P=1E5)
<Mixture, components=['water', 'ethanol'], mole fractions=[0.8299, 0.1701], T=300.00 K, P=100000 Pa>
For mixtures with large numbers of components, it may be confusing to enter
the composition separate from the names of the chemicals. For that case,
the syntax using dictionaries as follows is supported with any composition
specification:
>>> comp = OrderedDict([('methane', 0.96522),
... ('nitrogen', 0.00259),
... ('carbon dioxide', 0.00596),
... ('ethane', 0.01819),
... ('propane', 0.0046),
... ('isobutane', 0.00098),
... ('butane', 0.00101),
... ('2-methylbutane', 0.00047),
... ('pentane', 0.00032),
... ('hexane', 0.00066)])
>>> m = Mixture(zs=comp)
'''
flashed = True
eos_in_a_box = []
ks = None
Vms = None
rhos = None
xs = None
ys = None
phase = None
V_over_F = None
conductivity = None
Hm = None
H = None
isobaric_expansion_g = None
isobaric_expansion_l = None
T_default = 298.15
P_default = 101325.
autoflash = True # Whether or not to flash on init
def __repr__(self):
txt = f'<Mixture, components={self.names}, mole fractions={[round(i,4) for i in self.zs]}'
# T and P may not be available if a flash has failed
try:
txt += f', T={self.T:.2f} K, P={self.P:.0f} Pa>'
except:
txt += ', thermodynamic conditions unknown>'
return txt
def __init__(self, IDs=None, zs=None, ws=None, Vfls=None, Vfgs=None,
T=None, P=None,
VF=None, H=None, Hm=None, S=None, Sm=None, pkg=None, Vf_TP=(None, None)):
# Perofrm preprocessing of the mixture composition separately so it
# can be tested on its own
IDs, zs, ws, Vfls, Vfgs = preprocess_mixture_composition(IDs=IDs,
zs=zs, ws=ws,
Vfls=Vfls,
Vfgs=Vfgs)
self.IDs = IDs
self.N = len(IDs)
self.cmps = range(self.N)
T_unsolved = T if T is not None else self.T_default
P_unsolved = P if P is not None else self.P_default
self.Chemicals = [Chemical(ID, P=P_unsolved, T=T_unsolved, autocalc=False) for ID in self.IDs]
# Required for densities for volume fractions before setting fractions
self.set_chemical_constants()
self.set_Chemical_property_objects()
if zs:
self.zs = zs if sum(zs) == 1 else [zi/sum(zs) for zi in zs]
self.ws = zs_to_ws(zs, self.MWs)
elif ws:
self.ws = ws if sum(ws) == 1 else [wi/sum(ws) for wi in ws]
self.zs = ws_to_zs(ws, self.MWs)
elif Vfls or Vfgs:
T_vf, P_vf = Vf_TP
if T_vf is None:
T_vf = T_unsolved
if P_vf is None:
P_vf = P_unsolved
if Vfls:
Vfs = Vfls if sum(Vfls) == 1 else [Vfli/sum(Vfls) for Vfli in Vfls]
VolumeObjects = self.VolumeLiquids
Vms_TP = self.Vmls
else:
Vfs = Vfgs if sum(Vfgs) == 1 else [Vfgi/sum(Vfgs) for Vfgi in Vfgs]
VolumeObjects = self.VolumeGases
#Vms_TP = self.Vmgs
Vms_TP = [ideal_gas(T_vf, P_vf)]*self.N
if (T_vf != T or P_vf != P) and Vfls:
Vms_TP = [i(T_vf, P_vf) for i in VolumeObjects]
self.zs = Vfs_to_zs(Vfs, Vms_TP)
self.ws = zs_to_ws(self.zs, self.MWs)
else:
raise Exception('One of mole fractions `zs`, weight fractions `ws`,'
' pure component liquid volume fractions `Vfls`, or'
' pure component gas volume fractions `Vfgs` must '
'be provided.')
self.MW = mixing_simple(self.zs, self.MWs)
self.set_constant_sources()
self.set_constants()
self.set_TP_sources()
# To preserve backwards compatibility, mixures with no other state vars
# specified will have their T and P initialized to the values of
# T_default and P_default (but only if the values VF, Hm, H, Sm, S are
# None)
non_TP_state_vars = sum(i is not None for i in [VF, Hm, H, Sm, S])
if non_TP_state_vars == 0:
if T is None:
T = self.T_default
if P is None:
P = self.P_default
self.set_property_package(pkg=pkg)
if self.autoflash:
self.flash_caloric(T=T, P=P, VF=VF, Hm=Hm, Sm=Sm, H=H, S=S)
[docs] def set_chemical_constants(self):
r'''Basic method which retrieves and sets constants of chemicals to be
accessible as lists from a Mixture object. This gets called
automatically on the instantiation of a new Mixture instance.
'''
self.names = [i.name for i in self.Chemicals]
self.MWs = MWs = [i.MW for i in self.Chemicals]
self.CASs = [i.CAS for i in self.Chemicals]
# Set lists of everything set by Chemical.set_constants
self.Tms = [i.Tm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Tbs = [i.Tb for i in self.Chemicals]
# Critical Point
self.Tcs = [i.Tc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Pcs = [i.Pc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vcs = [i.Vc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.omegas = [i.omega for i in self.Chemicals]
self.StielPolars = [i.StielPolar for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Zcs = [i.Zc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhocs = [i.rhoc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhocms = [i.rhocm for i in self.Chemicals]
# Triple point
self.Pts = [i.Pt for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Tts = [i.Tt for i in self.Chemicals]
# Enthalpy
self.Hfuss = [i.Hfus for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hsubs = [i.Hsub for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hfusms = [i.Hfusm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hsubms = [i.Hsubm for i in self.Chemicals]
# Chemistry - standard state
self.Hfms = [i.Hfm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hfs = [i.Hf for i in self.Chemicals]
self.S0ms = [i.S0m for i in self.Chemicals]
self.S0s = [i.S0 for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Gfms = [i.Gfm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Gfs = [i.Gf for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Sfms = [i.Sfm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Sfs = [i.Sf for i in self.Chemicals]
# Ideal gas state
self.Hfgms = [i.Hfgm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hfgs = [i.Hfg for i in self.Chemicals]
self.S0gms = [i.S0gm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.S0gs = [i.S0g for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Gfgms = [i.Gfgm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Gfgs = [i.Gfg for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Sfgms = [i.Sfgm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Sfgs = [i.Sfg for i in self.Chemicals]
# Combustion
self.Hcms = [i.Hcm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcs = [i.Hc for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcms_lower = [i.Hcm_lower for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcs_lower = [i.Hc_lower for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcgms = [i.Hcgm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcgs = [i.Hcg for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcgms_lower = [i.Hcgm_lower for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hcgs_lower = [i.Hcg_lower for i in self.Chemicals]
# Fire Safety Limits
self.Tflashs = [i.Tflash for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Tautoignitions = [i.Tautoignition for i in self.Chemicals]
self.LFLs = [i.LFL for i in self.Chemicals]
self.UFLs = [i.UFL for i in self.Chemicals]
# Chemical Exposure Limits
self.TWAs = [i.TWA for i in self.Chemicals]
self.STELs = [i.STEL for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Ceilings = [i.Ceiling for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Skins = [i.Skin for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Carcinogens = [i.Carcinogen for i in self.Chemicals]
# Misc
self.dipoles = [i.dipole for i in self.Chemicals]
self.molecular_diameters = [i.molecular_diameter for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Stockmayers = [i.Stockmayer for i in self.Chemicals]
# Environmental
self.GWPs = [i.GWP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ODPs = [i.ODP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.logPs = [i.logP for i in self.Chemicals]
# Analytical
self.RI_Ts = [i.RIT for i in self.Chemicals]
self.RIs = [i.RI for i in self.Chemicals]
self.conductivities = [i.conductivity for i in self.Chemicals]
self.conductivity_Ts = [i.conductivityT for i in self.Chemicals]
# Constant properties obtained from TP
self.Vml_STPs = Vml_STPs = [i.Vml_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rholm_STPs = [i.rhoml_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhol_STPs = [i.rhol_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vml_60Fs = Vml_STPs = [i.Vml_60F for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhoml_60Fs = [i.rhoml_60F for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhol_60Fs = [i.rhol_60F for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vmg_STPs = [i.Vmg_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vms_Tms = [i.Vms_Tm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhoms_Tm = [i.rhoms_Tm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.rhos_Tms = [i.rhos_Tm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Psat_298s = [i.Psat_298 for i in self.Chemicals]
self.phase_STPs = [i.phase_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vml_Tbs = [i.Vml_Tb for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Vml_Tms = [i.Vml_Tm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hvap_Tbms = [i.Hvap_Tbm for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hvap_Tbs = [i.Hvap_Tb for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hvapm_298s = [i.Hvapm_298 for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Hvap_298s = [i.Hvap_298 for i in self.Chemicals]
self.solubility_parameters_STP = [i.solubility_parameter_STP for i in self.Chemicals]
### More stuff here
[docs] def set_chemical_TP(self, T=None, P=None):
'''Basic method to change all chemical instances to be at the T and P
specified. If they are not specified, the the values of the mixture
will be used. This is not necessary for using the Mixture instance
unless values specified to chemicals are required.
'''
# Tempearture and Pressure Denepdence
# Get and choose initial methods
if T is None:
T = self.T
if P is None:
P = self.P
[i.calculate(T=T, P=P) for i in self.Chemicals]
[docs] def set_constant_sources(self):
# None of this takes much time or is important
# Critical Point, Methods only for Tc, Pc, Vc
self.Tc_methods = []#Tc_mixture(Tcs=self.Tcs, zs=self.zs, CASRNs=self.CASs, get_methods=True)
self.Tc_method = None#self.Tc_methods[0]
self.Pc_methods = []#Pc_mixture(Pcs=self.Pcs, zs=self.zs, CASRNs=self.CASs, get_methods=True)
self.Pc_method = None#self.Pc_methods[0]
self.Vc_methods = []#Vc_mixture(Vcs=self.Vcs, zs=self.zs, CASRNs=self.CASs, get_methods=True)
self.Vc_method = None#self.Vc_methods[0]
self.omega_methods = []#omega_mixture(omegas=self.omegas, zs=self.zs, CASRNs=self.CASs, get_methods=True)
self.omega_method = None#self.omega_methods[0]
# No Flammability limits
# self.LFL_methods = LFL_mixture(ys=self.zs, LFLs=self.LFLs, get_methods=True)
# self.LFL_method = self.LFL_methods[0]
# self.UFL_methods = UFL_mixture(ys=self.zs, UFLs=self.UFLs, get_methods=True)
# self.UFL_method = self.UFL_methods[0]
# No triple point
# Mixed Hf linear
# Exposure limits are minimum of any of them or lower
[docs] def set_constants(self):
# None of this takes much time or is important
# Melting point
zs = self.zs
self.Tm = mixing_simple(self.Tms, zs)
# Critical Point
try:
self.Tc = mixing_simple(zs, self.Tcs)
except:
self.Tc = None
try:
self.Pc = mixing_simple(zs, self.Pcs)
except:
self.Pc = None
try:
self.Vc = mixing_simple(zs, self.Vcs)
except:
self.Vc = None
try:
self.omega = mixing_simple(zs, self.omegas)
except:
self.omega = None
self.Zc = Z(self.Tc, self.Pc, self.Vc) if all((self.Tc, self.Pc, self.Vc)) else None
self.rhoc = Vm_to_rho(self.Vc, self.MW) if self.Vc else None
self.rhocm = 1./self.Vc if self.Vc else None
# self.LFL = LFL_mixture(ys=self.zs, LFLs=self.LFLs, method=self.LFL_method)
# self.UFL = UFL_mixture(ys=self.zs, UFLs=self.UFLs, method=self.UFL_method)
[docs] def set_eos(self, T, P, eos=PRMIX):
try:
self.eos = eos(T=T, P=P, Tcs=self.Tcs, Pcs=self.Pcs, omegas=self.omegas, zs=self.zs)
except:
# Handle overflow errors and so on
self.eos = IG(T=T, P=P)
@property
def eos(self):
r'''Equation of state object held by the mixture. See :
obj:`thermo.eos_mix` for a full listing.
Examples
--------
'''
return self.eos_in_a_box[0]
@eos.setter
def eos(self, eos):
if self.eos_in_a_box:
self.eos_in_a_box.pop()
self.eos_in_a_box.append(eos)
[docs] def eos_pures(self, eos=PR, T=None, P=None):
if T is None:
T = self.T
if P is None:
P = self.P
Tcs, Pcs, omegas = self.Tcs, self.Pcs, self.omegas
eos_list = []
for i in range(len(self.zs)):
try:
e = eos(T=T, P=P, Tc=Tcs[i], Pc=Pcs[i], omega=omegas[i])
except:
e = None
eos_list.append(e)
return eos_list
[docs] def set_Chemical_property_objects(self):
self.VolumeSolids = [i.VolumeSolid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.VolumeLiquids = [i.VolumeLiquid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.VolumeGases = [i.VolumeGas for i in self.Chemicals]
self.HeatCapacitySolids = [i.HeatCapacitySolid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.HeatCapacityLiquids = [i.HeatCapacityLiquid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.HeatCapacityGases = [i.HeatCapacityGas for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ViscosityLiquids = [i.ViscosityLiquid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ViscosityGases = [i.ViscosityGas for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ThermalConductivityLiquids = [i.ThermalConductivityLiquid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ThermalConductivityGases = [i.ThermalConductivityGas for i in self.Chemicals]
self.ThermalConductivitySolids = [i.ThermalConductivitySolid for i in self.Chemicals]
self.SurfaceTensions = [i.SurfaceTension for i in self.Chemicals]
self.Permittivities = [i.Permittivity for i in self.Chemicals]
self.VaporPressures = [i.VaporPressure for i in self.Chemicals]
self.SublimationPressures = [i.SublimationPressure for i in self.Chemicals]
self.EnthalpyVaporizations = [i.EnthalpyVaporization for i in self.Chemicals]
self.EnthalpySublimations = [i.EnthalpySublimation for i in self.Chemicals]
[docs] def set_TP_sources(self):
self.VolumeSolidMixture = VolumeSolidMixture(CASs=self.CASs, MWs=self.MWs, VolumeSolids=self.VolumeSolids)
self.VolumeLiquidMixture = VolumeLiquidMixture(MWs=self.MWs, Tcs=self.Tcs, Pcs=self.Pcs, Vcs=self.Vcs, Zcs=self.Zcs, omegas=self.omegas, CASs=self.CASs, VolumeLiquids=self.VolumeLiquids)
self.VolumeGasMixture = VolumeGasMixture(eos=self.eos_in_a_box, MWs=self.MWs, CASs=self.CASs, VolumeGases=self.VolumeGases)
# Temporary
self.VolumeGasMixture.method = LINEAR_MISSING_IDEAL
self.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture = HeatCapacityLiquidMixture(MWs=self.MWs, CASs=self.CASs, HeatCapacityLiquids=self.HeatCapacityLiquids)
self.HeatCapacityGasMixture = HeatCapacityGasMixture(MWs=self.MWs, CASs=self.CASs, HeatCapacityGases=self.HeatCapacityGases)
self.HeatCapacitySolidMixture = HeatCapacitySolidMixture(MWs=self.MWs, CASs=self.CASs, HeatCapacitySolids=self.HeatCapacitySolids)
self.ViscosityLiquidMixture = ViscosityLiquidMixture(MWs=self.MWs, CASs=self.CASs, ViscosityLiquids=self.ViscosityLiquids, correct_pressure_pure=False)
self.ViscosityGasMixture = ViscosityGasMixture(MWs=self.MWs, molecular_diameters=self.molecular_diameters, Stockmayers=self.Stockmayers, CASs=self.CASs, ViscosityGases=self.ViscosityGases, correct_pressure_pure=False)
self.ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture = ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture(CASs=self.CASs, MWs=self.MWs, ThermalConductivityLiquids=self.ThermalConductivityLiquids, correct_pressure_pure=False)
self.ThermalConductivityGasMixture = ThermalConductivityGasMixture(MWs=self.MWs, Tbs=self.Tbs, CASs=self.CASs, ThermalConductivityGases=self.ThermalConductivityGases, ViscosityGases=self.ViscosityGases, correct_pressure_pure=False)
self.SurfaceTensionMixture = SurfaceTensionMixture(MWs=self.MWs, Tbs=self.Tbs, Tcs=self.Tcs, CASs=self.CASs, SurfaceTensions=self.SurfaceTensions, VolumeLiquids=self.VolumeLiquids)
[docs] def set_property_package(self, pkg=None):
if pkg is None:
from thermo.property_package import IdealCaloric as pkg
eos_mix = type(self.eos_in_a_box[0]) if self.eos_in_a_box else PRMIX
if type(pkg) == type:
self.property_package = pkg(VaporPressures=self.VaporPressures,
Tms=self.Tms, Tbs=self.Tbs,
Tcs=self.Tcs, Pcs=self.Pcs,
HeatCapacityLiquids=self.HeatCapacityLiquids,
HeatCapacityGases=self.HeatCapacityGases,
EnthalpyVaporizations=self.EnthalpyVaporizations,
UNIFAC_groups=self.UNIFAC_groups, omegas=self.omegas,
Hfs=self.Hfgms, Gfs=self.Gfgms,
VolumeLiquids=self.VolumeLiquids, eos=type(self.Chemicals[0].eos),
eos_mix=eos_mix)
else:
# no need to initialize, already exists
self.property_package = pkg
[docs] def flash_caloric(self, T=None, P=None, VF=None, Hm=None, Sm=None,
H=None, S=None):
# TODO check if the input values are the same as the current ones
# The property package works only on a mole-basis, so convert
# H or S if specified to a mole basis
if H is not None:
Hm = property_mass_to_molar(H, self.MW)
if S is not None:
Sm = property_mass_to_molar(S, self.MW)
self.property_package.flash_caloric(zs=self.zs, T=T, P=P, VF=VF, Hm=Hm, Sm=Sm)
self.status = self.property_package.status
if self.status is True:
self.T = self.property_package.T
self.P = self.property_package.P
self.V_over_F = self.VF = self.property_package.V_over_F
self.xs = self.property_package.xs
self.ys = self.property_package.ys
self.phase = self.property_package.phase
self.Hm = self.property_package.Hm
self.Sm = self.property_package.Sm
self.Gm = self.property_package.Gm
try:
self.Hm_reactive = self.property_package.Hm_reactive
self.H_reactive = property_molar_to_mass(self.Hm_reactive, self.MW)
except:
self.Hm_reactive = self.H_reactive = None
try:
self.Sm_reactive = self.property_package.Sm_reactive
self.S_reactive = property_molar_to_mass(self.Sm_reactive, self.MW)
except:
self.Sm_reactive = self.S_reactive = None
try:
self.Gm_reactive = self.property_package.Gm_reactive
self.G_reactive = property_molar_to_mass(self.Gm_reactive, self.MW)
except:
self.Gm_reactive = self.G_reactive = None
self.H = property_molar_to_mass(self.Hm, self.MW)
self.S = property_molar_to_mass(self.Sm, self.MW)
self.G = property_molar_to_mass(self.Gm, self.MW)
# values are None when not in the appropriate phase
self.MWl = mixing_simple(self.xs, self.MWs) if self.xs is not None else None
self.MWg = mixing_simple(self.ys, self.MWs) if self.ys is not None else None
self.wsl = zs_to_ws(self.xs, self.MWs) if self.xs is not None else None
self.wsg = zs_to_ws(self.ys, self.MWs) if self.ys is not None else None
if (self.MWl is not None and self.MWg is not None):
self.quality = self.x = vapor_mass_quality(self.V_over_F, MWl=self.MWl, MWg=self.MWg)
else:
self.quality = self.x = 1 if self.phase == 'g' else 0
if self.xs is None:
self.wsl = zs_to_ws(self.ys, self.MWs)
self.MWl = mixing_simple(self.ys, self.MWs)
if self.ys is None:
self.MWg = mixing_simple(self.xs, self.MWs)
self.wsg = zs_to_ws(self.xs, self.MWs)
# TODO: volume fractions - attempt
# if (self.rhol is not None and self.rhog is not None):
# self.Vfg = vapor_mass_quality(self.quality, MWl=self.Vml, MWg=self.Vmg)
# else:
# self.Vfg = None
else:
# flash failed. still want to set what variables that can be set though.
for var in ['T', 'P', 'VF', 'Hm', 'Sm', 'H', 'S']:
if var is not None:
setattr(self, var, locals()[var])
# Not strictly necessary
[i.calculate(self.T, self.P) for i in self.Chemicals]
# self.set_eos(T=self.T, P=self.P)
@property
def Um(self):
r'''Internal energy of the mixture at its current state, in units of
[J/mol].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
It also depends on the molar volume of the mixture at its current
conditions.
'''
return self.Hm - self.P*self.Vm if (self.Vm and self.Hm is not None) else None
@property
def U(self):
r'''Internal energy of the mixture at its current state,
in units of [J/kg].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
It also depends on the molar volume of the mixture at its current
conditions.
'''
return property_molar_to_mass(self.Um, self.MW) if (self.Um is not None) else None
@property
def Am(self):
r'''Helmholtz energy of the mixture at its current state,
in units of [J/mol].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
It also depends on the molar volume of the mixture at its current
conditions.
'''
return self.Um - self.T*self.Sm if (self.Um is not None and self.Sm is not None) else None
@property
def A(self):
r'''Helmholtz energy of the mixture at its current state,
in units of [J/kg].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
It also depends on the molar volume of the mixture at its current
conditions.
'''
return self.U - self.T*self.S if (self.U is not None and self.S is not None) else None
@property
def Tdew(self):
r'''Dew point temperature of the mixture at its current pressure and
composition, in units of [K].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
'''
return self.property_package.Tdew(P=self.P, zs=self.zs)
@property
def Pdew(self):
r'''Dew point pressure of the mixture at its current temperature and
composition, in units of [Pa].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
'''
return self.property_package.Pdew(T=self.T, zs=self.zs)
@property
def Tbubble(self):
r'''Bubble point temperature of the mixture at its current pressure and
composition, in units of [K].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
'''
return self.property_package.Tbubble(P=self.P, zs=self.zs)
@property
def Pbubble(self):
r'''Bubble point pressure of the mixture at its current temperature and
composition, in units of [Pa].
This property requires that the property package of the mixture
found a solution to the given state variables.
'''
return self.property_package.Pbubble(T=self.T, zs=self.zs)
[docs] def Vfls(self, T=None, P=None):
r'''Volume fractions of all species in a hypothetical pure-liquid phase
at the current or specified temperature and pressure. If temperature
or pressure are specified, the non-specified property is assumed to be
that of the mixture. Note this is a method, not a property. Volume
fractions are calculated based on **pure species volumes only**.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane', 'pentane'], zs=[.5, .5], T=315).Vfls()
[0.5299671144566751, 0.47003288554332484]
>>> S = Mixture(['hexane', 'decane'], zs=[0.25, 0.75])
>>> S.Vfls(298.16, 101326)
[0.18301434895886864, 0.8169856510411313]
'''
if (T is None or T == self.T) and (P is None or P == self.P):
Vmls = self.Vmls
else:
if T is None: T = self.T
if P is None: P = self.P
Vmls = [i(T, P) for i in self.VolumeLiquids]
if none_and_length_check([Vmls]):
return zs_to_Vfs(self.zs, Vmls)
return None
[docs] def Vfgs(self, T=None, P=None):
r'''Volume fractions of all species in a hypothetical pure-gas phase
at the current or specified temperature and pressure. If temperature
or pressure are specified, the non-specified property is assumed to be
that of the mixture. Note this is a method, not a property. Volume
fractions are calculated based on **pure species volumes only**.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['sulfur hexafluoride', 'methane'], zs=[.2, .9], T=315).Vfgs()
[0.18062059238682632, 0.8193794076131737]
>>> S = Mixture(['sulfur hexafluoride', 'methane'], zs=[.1, .9])
>>> S.Vfgs(P=1E2)
[0.0999987466608421, 0.9000012533391578]
'''
return self.zs
# if (T is None or T == self.T) and (P is None or P == self.P):
# Vmgs = self.Vmgs
# else:
# if T is None: T = self.T
# if P is None: P = self.P
# Vmgs = [i(T, P) for i in self.VolumeGases]
# if none_and_length_check([Vmgs]):
# return zs_to_Vfs(self.zs, Vmgs)
# return None
#
[docs] def compound_index(self, CAS):
try:
return self.CASs.index(CAS)
except ValueError:
return self.CASs.index(CAS_from_any(CAS))
# Unimportant constants
@property
def PubChems(self):
r'''PubChem Component ID numbers for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).PubChems
[241, 1140]
'''
return [i.PubChem for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def formulas(self):
r'''Chemical formulas for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ethanol', 'trichloroethylene', 'furfuryl alcohol'],
... ws=[0.5, 0.2, 0.3]).formulas
['C2H6O', 'C2HCl3', 'C5H6O2']
'''
return [i.formula for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def smiless(self):
r'''SMILES strings for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['methane', 'ethane', 'propane', 'butane'],
... zs=[0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]).smiless
['C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CCCC']
'''
return [i.smiles for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def InChIs(self):
r'''InChI strings for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['methane', 'ethane', 'propane', 'butane'],
... zs=[0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]).InChIs
['CH4/h1H4', 'C2H6/c1-2/h1-2H3', 'C3H8/c1-3-2/h3H2,1-2H3', 'C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3']
'''
return [i.InChI for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def InChI_Keys(self):
r'''InChI keys for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-nonene'], zs=[1]).InChI_Keys
['JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N']
'''
return [i.InChI_Key for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def IUPAC_names(self):
r'''IUPAC names for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-hexene', '1-nonene'], zs=[.7, .3]).IUPAC_names
['hex-1-ene', 'non-1-ene']
'''
return [i.IUPAC_name for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def synonymss(self):
r'''Lists of synonyms for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['Tetradecene', 'Pentadecene'], zs=[.1, .9]).synonymss
[['tetradec-2-ene', 'tetradecene', '2-tetradecene', 'tetradec-2-ene', '26952-13-6', '35953-53-8', '1652-97-7'], ['pentadec-1-ene', '1-pentadecene', 'pentadecene,1-', 'pentadec-1-ene', '13360-61-7', 'pentadecene']]
'''
return [i.synonyms for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def charges(self):
r'''Charges for all chemicals in the mixture, [faraday].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water', 'sodium ion', 'chloride ion'], zs=[.9, .05, .05]).charges
[0, 1, -1]
'''
return [i.charge for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def similarity_variables(self):
r'''Similarity variables for all chemicals in the mixture, see
:obj:`chemicals.elements.similarity_variable` for the definition, [mol/g]
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).similarity_variables
[0.15362587797189262, 0.16279853724428964]
'''
return [i.similarity_variable for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def atoms(self):
r'''Mole-averaged dictionary of atom counts for all atoms of the
chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen', 'oxygen'], zs=[.01, .99]).atoms
{'O': 1.98, 'N': 0.02}
'''
return mixture_atomic_composition(self.atomss, self.zs)
@property
def atomss(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of atom counts for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen', 'oxygen'], zs=[.01, .99]).atomss
[{'N': 2}, {'O': 2}]
'''
return [i.atoms for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def ringss(self):
r'''List of ring counts for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['Docetaxel', 'Paclitaxel'], zs=[.5, .5]).ringss
[6, 7]
'''
return [i.rings for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def atom_fractionss(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of atomic fractions for all chemicals in the
mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['oxygen', 'nitrogen'], zs=[.5, .5]).atom_fractionss
[{'O': 1.0}, {'N': 1.0}]
'''
return [i.atom_fractions for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def atom_fractions(self):
r'''Dictionary of atomic fractions for each atom in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['CO2', 'O2'], zs=[0.5, 0.5]).atom_fractions
{'C': 0.2, 'O': 0.8}
'''
things = dict()
for zi, atoms in zip(self.zs, self.atomss):
for atom, count in atoms.items():
if atom in things:
things[atom] += zi*count
else:
things[atom] = zi*count
tot = sum(things.values())
return {atom : value/tot for atom, value in things.items()}
@property
def mass_fractionss(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of mass fractions for all chemicals in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['oxygen', 'nitrogen'], zs=[.5, .5]).mass_fractionss
[{'O': 1.0}, {'N': 1.0}]
'''
return [i.mass_fractions for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def mass_fractions(self):
r'''Dictionary of mass fractions for each atom in the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['CO2', 'O2'], zs=[0.5, 0.5]).mass_fractions
{'C': 0.15801826905745822, 'O': 0.8419817309425419}
'''
things = dict()
for zi, atoms in zip(self.zs, self.atomss):
for atom, count in atoms.items():
if atom in things:
things[atom] += zi*count
else:
things[atom] = zi*count
return mass_fractions(things)
@property
def legal_statuses(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of the legal status for all chemicals in the
mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['oxygen', 'nitrogen'], zs=[.5, .5]).legal_statuses
[{'DSL': 'LISTED',
'EINECS': 'LISTED',
'NLP': 'UNLISTED',
'SPIN': 'LISTED',
'TSCA': 'LISTED'},
{'DSL': 'LISTED',
'EINECS': 'LISTED',
'NLP': 'UNLISTED',
'SPIN': 'LISTED',
'TSCA': 'LISTED'}]
'''
return [i.legal_status for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def economic_statuses(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of the economic status for all chemicals in
the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['o-xylene', 'm-xylene'], zs=[.5, .5]).economic_statuses
[["US public: {'Manufactured': 0.0, 'Imported': 0.0, 'Exported': 0.0}",
u'100,000 - 1,000,000 tonnes per annum',
'OECD HPV Chemicals'],
["US public: {'Manufactured': 39.805, 'Imported': 0.0, 'Exported': 0.0}",
u'100,000 - 1,000,000 tonnes per annum',
'OECD HPV Chemicals']]
'''
return [i.economic_status for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def UNIFAC_Rs(self):
r'''UNIFAC `R` (normalized Van der Waals volume) values, dimensionless.
Used in the UNIFAC model.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['o-xylene', 'm-xylene'], zs=[.5, .5]).UNIFAC_Rs
[4.6578, 4.6578]
'''
return [i.UNIFAC_R for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def UNIFAC_Qs(self):
r'''UNIFAC `Q` (normalized Van der Waals area) values, dimensionless.
Used in the UNIFAC model.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['o-xylene', 'decane'], zs=[.5, .5]).UNIFAC_Qs
[3.536, 6.016]
'''
return [i.UNIFAC_Q for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def UNIFAC_groups(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of UNIFAC subgroup: count groups for each chemical in the mixture. Uses the original
UNIFAC subgroups, as determined by `DDBST's online service <http://www.ddbst.com/unifacga.html>`_.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-pentanol', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).UNIFAC_groups
[{1: 1, 2: 4, 14: 1}, {1: 2, 2: 8}]
'''
return [i.UNIFAC_groups for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of Dortmund UNIFAC subgroup: count groups for each chemcial in the mixture. Uses the
Dortmund UNIFAC subgroups, as determined by `DDBST's online service <http://www.ddbst.com/unifacga.html>`_.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-pentanol', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups
[{1: 1, 2: 4, 14: 1}, {1: 2, 2: 8}]
'''
return [i.UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def PSRK_groups(self):
r'''List of dictionaries of PSRK subgroup: count groups for each chemical in the mixture. Uses the PSRK subgroups,
as determined by `DDBST's online service <http://www.ddbst.com/unifacga.html>`_.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-pentanol', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).PSRK_groups
[{1: 1, 2: 4, 14: 1}, {1: 2, 2: 8}]
'''
return [i.PSRK_groups for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Van_der_Waals_volumes(self):
r'''List of unnormalized Van der Waals volumes of all the chemicals in
the mixture, in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-pentanol', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).Van_der_Waals_volumes
[6.9762279e-05, 0.00010918455800000001]
'''
return [i.Van_der_Waals_volume for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Van_der_Waals_areas(self):
r'''List of unnormalized Van der Waals areas of all the chemicals
in the mixture, in units of [m^2/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-pentanol', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).Van_der_Waals_areas
[1052000.0, 1504000.0]
'''
return [i.Van_der_Waals_area for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def R_specific(self):
r'''Specific gas constant of the mixture, in units of [J/kg/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['N2', 'O2'], zs=[0.79, .21]).R_specific
288.1928437986195
'''
return property_molar_to_mass(R, self.MW)
@property
def Hc(self):
r'''Standard higher heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/kg].
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
'''
return mixing_simple(self.Hcs, self.ws)
@property
def Hcm(self):
r'''Standard higher molar heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/mol].
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
'''
return mixing_simple(self.Hcms, self.zs)
@property
def Hcm_lower(self):
r'''Standard lower molar heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/mol].
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
'''
return mixing_simple(self.Hcms_lower, self.zs)
@property
def Hc_lower(self):
r'''Standard lower heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/kg].
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
'''
return mixing_simple(self.Hcs_lower, self.ws)
[docs] def Hc_volumetric_g(self, T=288.7055555555555, P=101325.0):
r'''Standard higher molar heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/m^3] at the specified `T` and `P` in the gas phase.
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
Parameters
----------
T : float, optional
Reference temperature, [K]
P : float, optional
Reference pressure, [Pa]
Returns
-------
Hc_volumetric_g : float, optional
Higher heat of combustion on a volumetric basis, [J/m^3]
'''
Vm = self.VolumeGasMixture(T=T, P=P, zs=self.zs, ws=self.ws)
Hcm = self.Hcm
return Hcm/Vm
[docs] def Hc_volumetric_g_lower(self, T=288.7055555555555, P=101325.0):
r'''Standard lower molar heat of combustion of the mixture,
in units of [J/m^3] at the specified `T` and `P` in the gas phase.
This property depends on the bulk composition only.
Parameters
----------
T : float, optional
Reference temperature, [K]
P : float, optional
Reference pressure, [Pa]
Returns
-------
Hc_volumetric_g : float, optional
Lower heat of combustion on a volumetric basis, [J/m^3]
'''
Vm = self.VolumeGasMixture(T=T, P=P, zs=self.zs, ws=self.ws)
Hcm_lower = self.Hcm_lower
return Hcm_lower/Vm
@property
def charge_balance(self):
r'''Charge imbalance of the mixture, in units of [faraday].
Mixtures meeting the electroneutrality condition will have an imbalance
of 0.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['Na+', 'Cl-', 'water'], zs=[.01, .01, .98]).charge_balance
0.0
'''
return sum([zi*ci for zi, ci in zip(self.zs, self.charges)])
### One phase properties - calculate lazily
@property
def Psats(self):
r'''Pure component vapor pressures of the chemicals in the mixture at
its current temperature, in units of [Pa].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Psats
[32029.25774454549, 10724.419010511821]
'''
return [i.Psat for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Hvapms(self):
r'''Pure component enthalpies of vaporization of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Hvapms
[32639.806783391632, 36851.7902195611]
'''
return [i.Hvapm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Hvaps(self):
r'''Enthalpy of vaporization of the chemicals in the mixture at its
current temperature, in units of [J/kg].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Hvaps
[417859.9144942896, 399961.16950519773]
'''
return [i.Hvap for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cpsms(self):
r'''Solid-phase pure component heat capacity of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/mol/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cpsms
[109.77384365511931, 135.22614707678474]
'''
return [i.Cpsm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cplms(self):
r'''Liquid-phase pure component heat capacity of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/mol/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cplms
[140.9113971170526, 163.62584810669068]
'''
return [i.Cplm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cpgms(self):
r'''Gas-phase ideal gas heat capacity of the chemicals at its current
temperature, in units of [J/mol/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cpgms
[89.55804092586159, 111.70390334788907]
'''
return [i.Cpgm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cpss(self):
r'''Solid-phase pure component heat capacity of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/kg/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cpss
[1405.341925822248, 1467.6412627521154]
'''
return [i.Cps for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cpls(self):
r'''Liquid-phase pure component heat capacity of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/kg/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cpls
[1803.9697581961016, 1775.869915141704]
'''
return [i.Cpl for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cpgs(self):
r'''Gas-phase pure component heat capacity of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [J/kg/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cpgs
[1146.5360555565146, 1212.3488046342566]
'''
return [i.Cpg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cvgms(self):
r'''Gas-phase pure component ideal-gas contant-volume heat capacities
of the chemicals in the mixture at its current temperature, in units
of [J/mol/K]. Subtracts R from the ideal-gas heat capacities; does not
include pressure-compensation from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cvgms
[81.2435811258616, 103.38944354788907]
'''
return [i.Cvgm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Cvgs(self):
r'''Gas-phase pure component ideal-gas contant-volume heat capacities
of the chemicals in the mixture at its current temperature, in units of
[J/kg/K]. Subtracts R from the ideal-gas heat capacity; does not include
pressure-compensation from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Cvgs
[1040.093040003431, 1122.1100117398266]
'''
return [i.Cvg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def isentropic_exponents(self):
r'''Gas-phase pure component ideal-gas isentropic exponent of the
chemicals in the mixture at its current temperature, [dimensionless].
Does not include pressure-compensation from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).isentropic_exponents
[1.1023398979313739, 1.080418846592871]
'''
return [i.isentropic_exponent for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Vmss(self):
r'''Pure component solid-phase molar volumes of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['iron'], ws=[1], T=320).Vmss
[7.09593392630242e-06]
'''
return [i.Vms for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Vmls(self):
r'''Pure component liquid-phase molar volumes of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Vmls
[9.188896727673715e-05, 0.00010946199496993461]
'''
return [i.Vml for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Vmgs(self):
r'''Pure component gas-phase molar volumes of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Vmgs
[0.024929001982294974, 0.024150186467130488]
'''
return [i.Vmg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rhoss(self):
r'''Pure component solid-phase mass density of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, in units of [kg/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['iron'], ws=[1], T=320).rhoss
[7869.999999999994]
'''
return [i.rhos for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rhols(self):
r'''Pure-component liquid-phase mass density of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [kg/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).rhols
[850.0676666084917, 841.7389069631628]
'''
return [i.rhol for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rhogs(self):
r'''Pure-component gas-phase mass densities of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [kg/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).rhogs
[3.1333721283939258, 3.8152260283954584]
'''
return [i.rhog for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rhosms(self):
r'''Pure component molar densities of the chemicals in the solid phase
at the current temperature and pressure, in units of [mol/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['iron'], ws=[1], T=320).rhosms
[140925.7767033753]
'''
return [i.rhosm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rholms(self):
r'''Pure component molar densities of the chemicals in the mixture in
the liquid phase at the current temperature and pressure, in units of
[mol/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).rholms
[10882.699301520635, 9135.590853014008]
'''
return [i.rholm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def rhogms(self):
r'''Pure component molar densities of the chemicals in the gas phase at
the current temperature and pressure, in units of [mol/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).rhogms
[40.11392035309789, 41.407547778608084]
'''
return [i.rhogm for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Zss(self):
r'''Pure component compressibility factors of the chemicals in the
mixture in the solid phase at the current temperature and pressure,
[dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['palladium'], ws=[1]).Zss
[0.00036248477437931853]
'''
return [i.Zs for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Zls(self):
r'''Pure component compressibility factors of the chemicals in the
liquid phase at the current temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Zls
[0.0034994191720201235, 0.004168655010037687]
'''
return [i.Zl for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Zgs(self):
r'''Pure component compressibility factors of the chemicals in the
mixture in the gas phase at the current temperature and pressure,
[dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Zgs
[0.9493743379816593, 0.9197146081359057]
'''
return [i.Zg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def SGs(self):
r'''Specific gravity of a hypothetical solid phase of the mixture at the
specified temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
The reference condition is water at 4 °C and 1 atm
(rho=999.017 kg/m^3). The SG varries with temperature and pressure
but only very slightly.
'''
rhos = self.rhos
if rhos is not None:
return SG(rhos)
return None
@property
def SGl(self):
r'''Specific gravity of a hypothetical liquid phase of the mixture at
the specified temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
The reference condition is water at 4 °C and 1 atm
(rho=999.017 kg/m^3). For liquids, SG is defined that the reference
chemical's T and P are fixed, but the chemical itself varies with
the specified T and P.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture('water', ws=[1], T=365).SGl
0.9650065522428539
'''
rhol = self.rhol
if rhol is not None:
return SG(rhol)
return None
@property
def isobaric_expansion_ls(self):
r'''Pure component isobaric (constant-pressure) expansions of the
chemicals in the mixture in the liquid phase at its current temperature
and pressure, in units of [1/K].
.. math::
\beta = \frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T} \right)_P
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).isobaric_expansion_ls
[0.0012736035771253886, 0.0011234157437069571]
'''
return [i.isobaric_expansion_l for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def isobaric_expansion_gs(self):
r'''Pure component isobaric (constant-pressure) expansions of the
chemicals in the mixture in the gas phase at its current temperature
and pressure, in units of [1/K].
.. math::
\beta = \frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T} \right)_P
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).isobaric_expansion_gs
[0.0038091518363900499, 0.0043556759306508453]
'''
return [i.isobaric_expansion_g for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def muls(self):
r'''Pure component viscosities of the chemicals in the mixture in the
liquid phase at its current temperature and pressure, in units of
[Pa*s].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).muls
[0.00045545522798131764, 0.00043274394349114754]
'''
return [i.mul for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def mugs(self):
r'''Pure component viscosities of the chemicals in the mixture in the
gas phase at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [Pa*s].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).mugs
[8.082880451060605e-06, 7.442602145854158e-06]
'''
return [i.mug for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def kls(self):
r'''Pure component thermal conductivities of the chemicals in the
mixture in the liquid phase at its current temperature and pressure, in
units of [W/m/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).kls
[0.13391538485205587, 0.12429339088930591]
'''
return [i.kl for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def kgs(self):
r'''Pure component thermal conductivies of the chemicals in the mixture
in the gas phase at its current temperature and pressure, in units of
[W/m/K].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).kgs
[0.011865404482987936, 0.010981336502491088]
'''
return [i.kg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def sigmas(self):
r'''Pure component surface tensions of the chemicals in the mixture at
its current temperature, in units of [N/m].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'toluene'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).sigmas
[0.02533469712937521, 0.025254723406585546]
'''
return [i.sigma for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def permittivites(self):
r'''Pure component relative permittivities of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature, [dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).permittivites
[2.23133472, 1.8508128]
'''
return [i.permittivity for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def JTls(self):
r'''Pure component Joule Thomson coefficients of the chemicals in the
mixture in the liquid phase at its current temperature and pressure, in
units of [K/Pa].
.. math::
\mu_{JT} = \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial P}\right)_H = \frac{1}{C_p}
\left[T \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_P - V\right]
= \frac{V}{C_p}\left(\beta T-1\right)
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).JTls
[-3.8633730709853161e-07, -3.464395792560331e-07]
'''
return [i.JTl for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def JTgs(self):
r'''Pure component Joule Thomson coefficients of the chemicals in the
mixture in the gas phase at its current temperature and pressure, in
units of [K/Pa].
.. math::
\mu_{JT} = \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial P}\right)_H = \frac{1}{C_p}
\left[T \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_P - V\right]
= \frac{V}{C_p}\left(\beta T-1\right)
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).JTgs
[6.0940046688790938e-05, 4.1290005523287549e-05]
'''
return [i.JTg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def nuls(self):
r'''Pure component kinematic viscosities of the liquid phase of the
chemicals in the mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in
units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\nu = \frac{\mu}{\rho}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).nuls
[5.357870271650772e-07, 3.8127962283230277e-07]
'''
return [i.nul for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def nugs(self):
r'''Pure component kinematic viscosities of the gas phase of the
chemicals in the mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in
units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\nu = \frac{\mu}{\rho}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).nugs
[5.357870271650772e-07, 3.8127962283230277e-07]
'''
return [i.nul for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def alphals(self):
r'''Pure component thermal diffusivities of the chemicals in the
mixture in the liquid phase at the current temperature and pressure, in
units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\alpha = \frac{k}{\rho Cp}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).alphals
[8.732683564481583e-08, 7.57355434073289e-08]
'''
return [i.alphal for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def alphags(self):
r'''Pure component thermal diffusivities of the chemicals in the
mixture in the gas phase at the current temperature and pressure, in
units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\alpha = \frac{k}{\rho Cp}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).alphags
[3.3028044028118324e-06, 2.4412958544059014e-06]
'''
return [i.alphag for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Prls(self):
r'''Pure component Prandtl numbers of the liquid phase of the chemicals
in the mixture at its current temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
.. math::
Pr = \frac{C_p \mu}{k}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Prls
[6.13542244155373, 5.034355147908088]
'''
return [i.Prl for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Prgs(self):
r'''Pure component Prandtl numbers of the gas phase of the chemicals
in the mixture at its current temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
.. math::
Pr = \frac{C_p \mu}{k}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Prgs
[0.7810364900059606, 0.784358381123896]
'''
return [i.Prg for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def solubility_parameters(self):
r'''Pure component solubility parameters of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [Pa^0.5].
.. math::
\delta = \sqrt{\frac{\Delta H_{vap} - RT}{V_m}}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).solubility_parameters
[18062.51359608708, 14244.12852702228]
'''
return [i.solubility_parameter for i in self.Chemicals]
@property
def Parachors(self):
r'''Pure component Parachor parameters of the chemicals in the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units
of [N^0.25*m^2.75/mol].
.. math::
P = \frac{\sigma^{0.25} MW}{\rho_L - \rho_V}
Calculated based on surface tension, density of the liquid and gas
phase, and molecular weight. For uses of this property, see
:obj:`thermo.utils.Parachor`.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Parachors
[3.6795616000855504e-05, 4.82947303150274e-05]
'''
return [i.Parachor for i in self.Chemicals]
### Overall mixture properties
@property
def rhol(self):
r'''Liquid-phase mass density of the mixture at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [kg/m^3]. For
calculation of this property at other temperatures, pressures,
compositions or specifying manually the method used to calculate it,
and more - see the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeLiquidMixture`; each Mixture instance
creates one to actually perform the calculations. Note that that
interface provides output in molar units.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['o-xylene'], ws=[1], T=297).rhol
876.9946785618097
'''
Vml = self.Vml
if Vml:
return Vm_to_rho(Vml, self.MWl)
return None
@property
def rhog(self):
r'''Gas-phase mass density of the mixture at its current temperature,
pressure, and composition in units of [kg/m^3]. For calculation of this
property at other temperatures, pressures, or compositions or
specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see the
object oriented interface :obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeGasMixture`; each
Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations. Note
that that interface provides output in molar units.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane'], ws=[1], T=300, P=2E5).rhog
7.914447603999089
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg
if Vmg:
return Vm_to_rho(Vmg, self.MWg)
return None
@property
def rholm(self):
r'''Molar density of the mixture in the liquid phase at the
current temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [mol/m^3].
Utilizes the object oriented interface and
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeLiquidMixture` to perform the actual
calculation of molar volume.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=300).rholm
55317.352773503124
'''
Vml = self.Vml
if Vml:
return 1./Vml
return None
@property
def rhogm(self):
r'''Molar density of the mixture in the gas phase at the
current temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [mol/m^3].
Utilizes the object oriented interface and
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeGasMixture` to perform the actual
calculation of molar volume.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=500).rhogm
24.467426039789093
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg
if Vmg:
return 1./Vmg
return None
@property
def Zl(self):
r'''Compressibility factor of the mixture in the liquid phase at the
current temperature, pressure, and composition, [dimensionless].
Utilizes the object oriented interface and
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeLiquidMixture` to perform the actual
calculation of molar volume.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1]).Zl
0.0007385375470263454
'''
Vml = self.Vml
if Vml:
return Z(self.T, self.P, Vml)
return None
@property
def Zg(self):
r'''Compressibility factor of the mixture in the gas phase at the
current temperature, pressure, and composition, [dimensionless].
Utilizes the object oriented interface and
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeGasMixture` to perform the actual calculation
of molar volume.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane'], ws=[1], T=300, P=1E5).Zg
0.9403859376888885
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg
if Vmg:
return Z(self.T, self.P, Vmg)
return None
@property
def Cpsm(self):
r'''Solid-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current temperature
and composition, in units of [J/mol/K]. For calculation of this property
at other temperatures or compositions, or specifying manually the
method used to calculate it, and more - see the object oriented
interface :obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacitySolidMixture`; each
Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['silver', 'platinum'], ws=[0.95, 0.05]).Cpsm
25.32745796347474
'''
return self.HeatCapacitySolidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.zs, self.ws)
@property
def Cplm(self):
r'''Liquid-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current
temperature and composition, in units of [J/mol/K]. For calculation of
this property at other temperatures or compositions, or specifying
manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see the object
oriented interface :obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture`;
each Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['toluene', 'decane'], ws=[.9, .1], T=300).Cplm
168.29127923518843
'''
return self.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.xs, self.wsl)
@property
def Cpgm(self):
r'''Gas-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current temperature
and composition, in units of [J/mol/K]. For calculation of this property
at other temperatures or compositions, or specifying manually the
method used to calculate it, and more - see the object oriented
interface :obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacityGasMixture`; each
Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['oxygen', 'nitrogen'], ws=[.4, .6], T=350, P=1E6).Cpgm
29.361044582498046
'''
return self.HeatCapacityGasMixture(self.T, self.P, self.ys, self.wsg)
@property
def Cps(self):
r'''Solid-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current temperature
and composition, in units of [J/kg/K]. For calculation of this property
at other temperatures or compositions, or specifying manually the
method used to calculate it, and more - see the object oriented
interface :obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacitySolidMixture`; each
Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations. Note
that that interface provides output in molar units.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['silver', 'platinum'], ws=[0.95, 0.05]).Cps
229.55166388430328
'''
Cpsm = self.HeatCapacitySolidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.zs, self.ws)
if Cpsm:
return property_molar_to_mass(Cpsm, self.MW)
return None
@property
def Cpl(self):
r'''Liquid-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current
temperature and composition, in units of [J/kg/K]. For calculation of
this property at other temperatures or compositions, or specifying
manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see the object
oriented interface :obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture`;
each Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Note that that interface provides output in molar units.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water', 'sodium chloride'], ws=[.9, .1], T=301.5).Cpl
3735.4604049449786
'''
Cplm = self.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.xs, self.wsl)
if Cplm:
return property_molar_to_mass(Cplm, self.MWl)
return None
@property
def Cpg(self):
r'''Gas-phase heat capacity of the mixture at its current temperature ,
and composition in units of [J/kg/K]. For calculation of this property at
other temperatures or compositions, or specifying manually the method
used to calculate it, and more - see the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.heat_capacity.HeatCapacityGasMixture`; each Mixture
instance creates one to actually perform the calculations. Note that
that interface provides output in molar units.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['oxygen', 'nitrogen'], ws=[.4, .6], T=350, P=1E6).Cpg
995.8911053614883
'''
Cpgm = self.HeatCapacityGasMixture(self.T, self.P, self.ys, self.wsg)
if Cpgm:
return property_molar_to_mass(Cpgm, self.MWg)
return None
@property
def Cvgm(self):
r'''Gas-phase ideal-gas contant-volume heat capacity of the mixture at
its current temperature and composition, in units of [J/mol/K]. Subtracts R from
the ideal-gas heat capacity; does not include pressure-compensation
from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=520).Cvgm
27.13366316134193
'''
Cpgm = self.HeatCapacityGasMixture(self.T, self.P, self.ys, self.wsg)
if Cpgm:
return Cpgm - R
return None
@property
def Cvg(self):
r'''Gas-phase ideal-gas contant-volume heat capacity of the mixture at
its current temperature, in units of [J/kg/K]. Subtracts R from
the ideal-gas heat capacity; does not include pressure-compensation
from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=520).Cvg
1506.1471795798861
'''
Cvgm = self.Cvgm
if Cvgm:
return property_molar_to_mass(Cvgm, self.MWg)
return None
@property
def speed_of_sound_g(self):
r'''Gas-phase speed of sound of the mixture at its
current temperature, [m/s].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1]).speed_of_sound_g
351.77445481641661
'''
dP_dV = 1.0/self.VolumeGasMixture.property_derivative_P(T=self.T, P=self.P,
zs=self.ys, ws=self.wsg, order=1)
return speed_of_sound(V=self.Vmg, dP_dV=dP_dV, Cp=self.property_package.Cpgm,
Cv=self.property_package.Cvgm, MW=self.MWg)
@property
def speed_of_sound_l(self):
r'''Liquid-phase speed of sound of the mixture at its
current temperature, [m/s].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['toluene'], P=1E5, T=300, ws=[1]).speed_of_sound_l
1116.0852487852942
'''
dP_dV = 1.0/self.VolumeLiquidMixture.property_derivative_P(T=self.T, P=self.P,
zs=self.xs, ws=self.wsl, order=1)
return speed_of_sound(V=self.Vml, dP_dV=dP_dV, Cp=self.property_package.Cplm,
Cv=self.property_package.Cvlm, MW=self.MWl)
@property
def speed_of_sound(self):
r'''Bulk speed of sound of the mixture at its
current temperature, [m/s].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['toluene'], P=1E5, VF=0.5, ws=[1]).speed_of_sound
478.99527258140211
'''
if self.phase == 'l':
return self.speed_of_sound_l
elif self.phase == 'g':
return self.speed_of_sound_g
elif self.phase == 'l/g':
return self.speed_of_sound_g*self.x + (1.0 - self.x)*self.speed_of_sound_l
@property
def isentropic_exponent(self):
r'''Gas-phase ideal-gas isentropic exponent of the mixture at its
current temperature, [dimensionless]. Does not include
pressure-compensation from an equation of state.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hydrogen'], ws=[1]).isentropic_exponent
1.405237786321222
'''
Cp, Cv = self.Cpg, self.Cvg
if Cp and Cv:
return isentropic_exponent(Cp, Cv)
return None
@property
def Bvirial(self):
r'''Second virial coefficient of the gas phase of the mixture at its
current temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [mol/m^3].
This property uses the object-oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeGasMixture`, converting its result with
:obj:`thermo.utils.B_from_Z`.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane'], ws=[1], T=300, P=1E5).Bvirial
-0.001486976173801296
'''
if self.Vmg:
return B_from_Z(self.Zg, self.T, self.P)
return None
@property
def JTl(self):
r'''Joule Thomson coefficient of the liquid phase of the mixture if one
exists at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [K/Pa].
.. math::
\mu_{JT} = \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial P}\right)_H = \frac{1}{C_p}
\left[T \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_P - V\right]
= \frac{V}{C_p}\left(\beta T-1\right)
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['dodecane'], ws=[1], T=400).JTl
-3.193910574559279e-07
'''
Vml, Cplm, isobaric_expansion_l = self.Vml, self.Cplm, self.isobaric_expansion_l
if all((Vml, Cplm, isobaric_expansion_l)):
return Joule_Thomson(T=self.T, V=Vml, Cp=Cplm, beta=isobaric_expansion_l)
return None
@property
def JTg(self):
r'''Joule Thomson coefficient of the gas phase of the mixture if one
exists at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [K/Pa].
.. math::
\mu_{JT} = \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial P}\right)_H = \frac{1}{C_p}
\left[T \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_P - V\right]
= \frac{V}{C_p}\left(\beta T-1\right)
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['dodecane'], ws=[1], T=400, P=1000).JTg
5.4089897835384913e-05
'''
Vmg, Cpgm, isobaric_expansion_g = self.Vmg, self.Cpgm, self.isobaric_expansion_g
if all((Vmg, Cpgm, isobaric_expansion_g)):
return Joule_Thomson(T=self.T, V=Vmg, Cp=Cpgm, beta=isobaric_expansion_g)
return None
@property
def nul(self):
r'''Kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase of the mixture if one
exists at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\nu = \frac{\mu}{\rho}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['methane'], ws=[1], T=110).nul
2.858088468937333e-07
'''
mul, rhol = self.mul, self.rhol
if all([mul, rhol]):
return nu_mu_converter(mu=mul, rho=rhol)
return None
@property
def nug(self):
r'''Kinematic viscosity of the gas phase of the mixture if one exists
at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\nu = \frac{\mu}{\rho}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['methane'], ws=[1], T=115).nug
2.5118460023343146e-06
'''
mug, rhog = self.mug, self.rhog
if all([mug, rhog]):
return nu_mu_converter(mu=mug, rho=rhog)
return None
@property
def alphal(self):
r'''Thermal diffusivity of the liquid phase of the mixture if one
exists at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\alpha = \frac{k}{\rho Cp}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1], T=70).alphal
9.444949636299626e-08
'''
kl, rhol, Cpl = self.kl, self.rhol, self.Cpl
if all([kl, rhol, Cpl]):
return thermal_diffusivity(k=kl, rho=rhol, Cp=Cpl)
return None
@property
def alphag(self):
r'''Thermal diffusivity of the gas phase of the mixture if one exists
at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [m^2/s].
.. math::
\alpha = \frac{k}{\rho Cp}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ammonia'], ws=[1]).alphag
1.6968517002221566e-05
'''
kg, rhog, Cpg = self.kg, self.rhog, self.Cpg
if all([kg, rhog, Cpg]):
return thermal_diffusivity(k=kg, rho=rhog, Cp=Cpg)
return None
@property
def Prl(self):
r'''Prandtl number of the liquid phase of the mixture if one exists at
its current temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
.. math::
Pr = \frac{C_p \mu}{k}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1], T=70).Prl
2.782821450148889
'''
Cpl, mul, kl = self.Cpl, self.mul, self.kl
if all([Cpl, mul, kl]):
return Prandtl(Cp=Cpl, mu=mul, k=kl)
return None
@property
def Prg(self):
r'''Prandtl number of the gas phase of the mixture if one exists at its
current temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
.. math::
Pr = \frac{C_p \mu}{k}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['NH3'], ws=[1]).Prg
0.8472637319330079
'''
Cpg, mug, kg = self.Cpg, self.mug, self.kg
if all([Cpg, mug, kg]):
return Prandtl(Cp=Cpg, mu=mug, k=kg)
return None
@property
def Parachor(self):
r'''Parachor of the mixture at its
current temperature and pressure, in units of [N^0.25*m^2.75/mol].
.. math::
P = \frac{\sigma^{0.25} MW}{\rho_L - \rho_V}
Calculated based on surface tension, density of the liquid and gas
phase, and molecular weight. For uses of this property, see
:obj:`thermo.utils.Parachor`.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['benzene', 'hexane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5], T=320).Parachor
4.233407085050756e-05
'''
sigma, rhol, rhog = self.sigma, self.rhol, self.rhog
if all((sigma, rhol, rhog, self.MW)):
return Parachor(sigma=sigma, MW=self.MW, rhol=rhol, rhog=rhog)
return None
### Properties from Mixture objects
@property
def Vml(self):
r'''Liquid-phase molar volume of the mixture at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [m^3/mol]. For
calculation of this property at other temperatures or pressures or
compositions, or specifying manually the method used to calculate it,
and more - see the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeLiquidMixture`; each Mixture instance
creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['cyclobutane'], ws=[1], T=225).Vml
7.42395423425395e-05
'''
return self.VolumeLiquidMixture(T=self.T, P=self.P, zs=self.xs, ws=self.wsl)
@property
def Vmg(self):
r'''Gas-phase molar volume of the mixture at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [m^3/mol]. For
calculation of this property at other temperatures or pressures or
compositions, or specifying manually the method used to calculate it,
and more - see the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.volume.VolumeGasMixture`; each Mixture instance
creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane'], ws=[1], T=300, P=2E5).Vmg
0.010888694235142216
'''
return self.VolumeGasMixture(T=self.T, P=self.P, zs=self.ys, ws=self.wsg)
@property
def SGg(self):
r'''Specific gravity of a hypothetical gas phase of the mixture, .
[dimensionless]. The reference condition is air at 15.6 °C (60 °F) and
1 atm (rho=1.223 kg/m^3). The definition for gases uses the
compressibility factor of the reference gas and the mixture both at the
reference conditions, not the conditions of the mixture.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture('argon').SGg
1.3800407778218216
'''
Vmg = self.VolumeGasMixture(T=288.70555555555552, P=101325, zs=self.ys, ws=self.wsg)
if Vmg:
rho = Vm_to_rho(Vmg, self.MW)
return SG(rho, rho_ref=1.2231876628642968) # calculated with Mixture
return None
@property
def mul(self):
r'''Viscosity of the mixture in the liquid phase at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [Pa*s].
For calculation of this property at other temperatures and pressures,
or specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see
the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.viscosity.ViscosityLiquidMixture`; each Mixture instance
creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=320).mul
0.0005767262693751547
'''
return self.ViscosityLiquidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.xs, self.wsl)
@property
def mug(self):
r'''Viscosity of the mixture in the gas phase at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [Pa*s].
For calculation of this property at other temperatures and pressures,
or specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see
the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.viscosity.ViscosityGasMixture`; each Mixture instance
creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=500).mug
1.7298722343367148e-05
'''
return self.ViscosityGasMixture(self.T, self.P, self.ys, self.wsg)
@property
def sigma(self):
r'''Surface tension of the mixture at its current temperature and
composition, in units of [N/m].
For calculation of this property at other temperatures,
or specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see
the object oriented interface :obj:`thermo.interface.SurfaceTensionMixture`;
each Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=300, P=1E5).sigma
0.07176932405246211
'''
return self.SurfaceTensionMixture(self.T, self.P, self.xs, self.wsl)
@property
def kl(self):
r'''Thermal conductivity of the mixture in the liquid phase at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [Pa*s].
For calculation of this property at other temperatures and pressures,
or specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see
the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.thermal_conductivity.ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture`;
each Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=320).kl
0.6369957248212118
'''
return self.ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture(self.T, self.P, self.xs, self.wsl)
@property
def kg(self):
r'''Thermal conductivity of the mixture in the gas phase at its current
temperature, pressure, and composition in units of [Pa*s].
For calculation of this property at other temperatures and pressures,
or specifying manually the method used to calculate it, and more - see
the object oriented interface
:obj:`thermo.thermal_conductivity.ThermalConductivityGasMixture`;
each Mixture instance creates one to actually perform the calculations.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=500).kg
0.036035173297862676
'''
return self.ThermalConductivityGasMixture(self.T, self.P, self.ys, self.wsg)
### Single-phase properties
@property
def Cp(self):
r'''Mass heat capacity of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature, in units of [J/kg/K].
Examples
--------
>>> w = Mixture(['water'], ws=[1])
>>> w.Cp, w.phase
(4180.597021827336, 'l')
>>> Pd = Mixture(['palladium'], ws=[1])
>>> Pd.Cp, Pd.phase
(234.26767209171211, 's')
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=Mixture.Cps,
l=Mixture.Cpl, g=Mixture.Cpg, self=self)
@property
def Cpm(self):
r'''Molar heat capacity of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature, in units of [J/mol/K]. Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ethylbenzene'], ws=[1], T=550, P=3E6).Cpm
294.18449553310046
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=Mixture.Cpsm,
l=Mixture.Cplm, g=Mixture.Cpgm, self=self)
@property
def Vm(self):
r'''Molar volume of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature and pressure, in units of [m^3/mol].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ethylbenzene'], ws=[1], T=550, P=3E6).Vm
0.00017758024401627633
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=Mixture.Vms,
l=Mixture.Vml, g=Mixture.Vmg, self=self)
@property
def rho(self):
r'''Mass density of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature and pressure, in units of [kg/m^3].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['decane'], ws=[1], T=550, P=2E6).rho
498.67008448640604
'''
if self.phase == 'l/g':
# Volume fraction mixing rule for density
rhol, rhog = self.rhol, self.rhog
a, b = (1.0 - self.x)/rhol, self.x/rhog
return rhol*a/(a+b) + b/(a+b)*rhog
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=Mixture.rhos,
l=Mixture.rhol, g=Mixture.rhog, self=self)
@property
def rhom(self):
r'''Molar density of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature and pressure, in units of [mol/m^3].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['1-hexanol'], ws=[1]).rhom
7983.414573003429
'''
if self.phase == 'l/g':
# Volume fraction mixing rule for density
rholm, rhogm = self.rholm, self.rhogm
a, b = (1.0 - self.x)/rholm, self.x/rhogm
return rholm*a/(a+b) + b/(a+b)*rhogm
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=None, l=Mixture.rholm,
g=Mixture.rhogm, self=self)
@property
def Z(self):
r'''Compressibility factor of the mixture at its current phase and
temperature and pressure, [dimensionless].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['MTBE'], ws=[1], T=900, P=1E-2).Z
0.9999999999056374
'''
Vm = self.Vm
if Vm:
return Z(self.T, self.P, Vm)
return None
@property
def SG(self):
r'''Specific gravity of the mixture, [dimensionless].
For gas-phase conditions, this is calculated at 15.6 °C (60 °F) and 1
atm for the mixture and the reference fluid, air.
For liquid and solid phase conditions, this is calculated based on a
reference fluid of water at 4°C at 1 atm, but the with the liquid or
solid mixture's density at the currently specified conditions.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture('MTBE').SG
0.7428160596603596
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=Mixture.SGs,
l=Mixture.SGl, g=Mixture.SGg, self=self)
### Single-phase properties
@property
def isobaric_expansion(self):
r'''Isobaric (constant-pressure) expansion of the mixture at its
current phase, temperature, and pressure in units of [1/K].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\beta = \frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T} \right)_P
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1], T=647.1, P=22048320.0).isobaric_expansion
0.34074205839222449
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.isobaric_expansion_l,
g=Mixture.isobaric_expansion_g, self=self)
@property
def isobaric_expansion_g(self):
r'''Isobaric (constant-pressure) expansion of the gas phase of the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [1/K].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\beta = \frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T} \right)_P
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['argon'], ws=[1], T=647.1, P=22048320.0).isobaric_expansion_g
0.0015661100323025273
'''
dV_dT = self.VolumeGasMixture.property_derivative_T(self.T, self.P, self.zs, self.ws)
Vm = self.Vmg
if dV_dT and Vm:
return isobaric_expansion(V=Vm, dV_dT=dV_dT)
@property
def isobaric_expansion_l(self):
r'''Isobaric (constant-pressure) expansion of the liquid phase of the
mixture at its current temperature and pressure, in units of [1/K].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\beta = \frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T} \right)_P
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['argon'], ws=[1], T=647.1, P=22048320.0).isobaric_expansion_l
0.001859152875154442
'''
dV_dT = self.VolumeLiquidMixture.property_derivative_T(self.T, self.P, self.zs, self.ws)
Vm = self.Vml
if dV_dT and Vm:
return isobaric_expansion(V=Vm, dV_dT=dV_dT)
@property
def JT(self):
r'''Joule Thomson coefficient of the mixture at its
current phase, temperature, and pressure in units of [K/Pa].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\mu_{JT} = \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial P}\right)_H = \frac{1}{C_p}
\left[T \left(\frac{\partial V}{\partial T}\right)_P - V\right]
= \frac{V}{C_p}\left(\beta T-1\right)
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1]).JT
-2.2150394958666412e-07
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.JTl,
g=Mixture.JTg, self=self)
@property
def mu(self):
r'''Viscosity of the mixture at its current phase, temperature, and
pressure in units of [Pa*s].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ethanol'], ws=[1], T=400).mu
1.1853097849748213e-05
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.mul,
g=Mixture.mug, self=self)
@property
def k(self):
r'''Thermal conductivity of the mixture at its current phase,
temperature, and pressure in units of [W/m/K].
Available only if single phase.
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['ethanol'], ws=[1], T=300).kl
0.16313594741877802
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, s=None, l=Mixture.kl,
g=Mixture.kg, self=self)
@property
def nu(self):
r'''Kinematic viscosity of the the mixture at its current temperature,
pressure, and phase in units of [m^2/s].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\nu = \frac{\mu}{\rho}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['argon'], ws=[1]).nu
1.3842643382482236e-05
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.nul,
g=Mixture.nug, self=self)
@property
def alpha(self):
r'''Thermal diffusivity of the mixture at its current temperature,
pressure, and phase in units of [m^2/s].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
\alpha = \frac{k}{\rho Cp}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['furfural'], ws=[1]).alpha
8.696537158635412e-08
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.alphal,
g=Mixture.alphag, self=self)
@property
def Pr(self):
r'''Prandtl number of the mixture at its current temperature,
pressure, and phase; [dimensionless].
Available only if single phase.
.. math::
Pr = \frac{C_p \mu}{k}
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['acetone'], ws=[1]).Pr
4.183039103542711
'''
return phase_select_property(phase=self.phase, l=Mixture.Prl,
g=Mixture.Prg, self=self)
### Standard state properties
@property
def Vml_STP(self):
r'''Liquid-phase molar volume of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['cyclobutane'], ws=[1]).Vml_STP
8.143327329133706e-05
'''
return self.VolumeLiquidMixture(T=298.15, P=101325, zs=self.zs, ws=self.ws)
@property
def Vmg_STP(self):
r'''Gas-phase molar volume of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition in units of [m^3/mol].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1]).Vmg_STP
0.02445443688838904
'''
return self.VolumeGasMixture(T=298.15, P=101325, zs=self.zs, ws=self.ws)
@property
def rhol_STP(self):
r'''Liquid-phase mass density of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition in units of [kg/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['cyclobutane'], ws=[1]).rhol_STP
688.9851989526821
'''
Vml = self.Vml_STP
if Vml:
return Vm_to_rho(Vml, self.MW)
return None
@property
def rhog_STP(self):
r'''Gas-phase mass density of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition in units of [kg/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1]).rhog_STP
1.145534453639403
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg_STP
if Vmg:
return Vm_to_rho(Vmg, self.MW)
return None
@property
def Zl_STP(self):
r'''Liquid-phase compressibility factor of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition, [dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['cyclobutane'], ws=[1]).Zl_STP
0.0033285083663950068
'''
Vml = self.Vml
if Vml:
return Z(self.T, self.P, Vml)
return None
@property
def Zg_STP(self):
r'''Gas-phase compressibility factor of the mixture at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition, [dimensionless].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1]).Zg_STP
0.9995520809691023
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg
if Vmg:
return Z(self.T, self.P, Vmg)
return None
@property
def rholm_STP(self):
r'''Molar density of the mixture in the liquid phase at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition, in units of [mol/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['water'], ws=[1]).rholm_STP
55344.59086372442
'''
Vml = self.Vml_STP
if Vml:
return 1./Vml
return None
@property
def rhogm_STP(self):
r'''Molar density of the mixture in the gas phase at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa,
and the current composition, in units of [mol/m^3].
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['nitrogen'], ws=[1]).rhogm_STP
40.892374850585895
'''
Vmg = self.Vmg_STP
if Vmg:
return 1./Vmg
return None
@property
def API(self):
r'''API gravity of the hypothetical liquid phase of the mixture,
[degrees]. The reference condition is water at 15.6 °C (60 °F) and 1 atm
(rho=999.016 kg/m^3, standardized).
Examples
--------
>>> Mixture(['hexane', 'decane'], ws=[0.5, 0.5]).API
71.34707841728181
'''
Vml = self.VolumeLiquidMixture(T=288.70555555555552, P=101325, zs=self.zs, ws=self.ws)
if Vml:
rho = Vm_to_rho(Vml, self.MW)
sg = SG(rho, rho_ref=999.016)
return SG_to_API(sg)
[docs] def draw_2d(self, Hs=False): # pragma: no cover
r'''Interface for drawing a 2D image of all the molecules in the
mixture. Requires an HTML5 browser, and the libraries RDKit and
IPython. An exception is raised if either of these libraries is
absent.
Parameters
----------
Hs : bool
Whether or not to show hydrogen
Examples
--------
Mixture(['natural gas']).draw_2d()
'''
try:
from rdkit.Chem import Draw
if Hs:
mols = [i.rdkitmol_Hs for i in self.Chemicals]
else:
mols = [i.rdkitmol for i in self.Chemicals]
return Draw.MolsToImage(mols)
except:
return 'Rdkit is required for this feature.'
[docs] def Reynolds(self, V=None, D=None):
return Reynolds(V=V, D=D, rho=self.rho, mu=self.mu)
[docs] def Capillary(self, V=None):
return Capillary(V=V, mu=self.mu, sigma=self.sigma)
[docs] def Weber(self, V=None, D=None):
return Weber(V=V, L=D, rho=self.rho, sigma=self.sigma)
[docs] def Bond(self, L=None):
return Bond(rhol=self.rhol, rhog=self.rhog, sigma=self.sigma, L=L)
[docs] def Jakob(self, Tw=None):
return Jakob(Cp=self.Cp, Hvap=self.Hvap, Te=Tw-self.T)
[docs] def Grashof(self, Tw=None, L=None):
return Grashof(L=L, beta=self.isobaric_expansion, T1=Tw, T2=self.T,
rho=self.rho, mu=self.mu)
[docs] def Peclet_heat(self, V=None, D=None):
return Peclet_heat(V=V, L=D, rho=self.rho, Cp=self.Cp, k=self.k)
@property
def constants(self):
r'''Returns a :obj:`thermo.chemical_package.ChemicalConstantsPackage
instance with constants from the mixture, [-].
'''
try:
return self._constants
except AttributeError:
pass
from thermo.chemical_package import ChemicalConstantsPackage
self._constants = ChemicalConstantsPackage(CASs=self.CASs, names=self.names, MWs=self.MWs,
Tms=self.Tms, Tbs=self.Tbs,
# Critical state points
Tcs=self.Tcs, Pcs=self.Pcs, Vcs=self.Vcs, omegas=self.omegas,
Zcs=self.Zcs, rhocs=self.rhocms, rhocs_mass=self.rhocs,
# Phase change enthalpy
Hfus_Tms=self.Hfusms, Hfus_Tms_mass=self.Hfuss, Hvap_Tbs=self.Hvap_Tbms,
Hvap_Tbs_mass=self.Hvap_Tbs,
# Standard values
Vml_STPs=self.Vml_STPs, rhol_STPs=self.rholm_STPs, rhol_STPs_mass=self.rhol_STPs,
Vml_60Fs=self.Vml_60Fs, rhol_60Fs=self.rhoml_60Fs, rhol_60Fs_mass=self.rhol_60Fs,
# Reaction (ideal gas)
Hfgs=self.Hfgms, Hfgs_mass=self.Hfgs, Gfgs=self.Gfgms, Gfgs_mass=self.Gfgs,
Sfgs=self.Sfgms, Sfgs_mass=self.Sfgs, S0gs=self.S0gms, S0gs_mass=self.S0gs,
# Triple point
Tts=self.Tts, Pts=self.Pts, Hsub_Tts=self.Hsubms, Hsub_Tts_mass=self.Hsubs,
# Combustion
Hcs=self.Hcms, Hcs_mass=self.Hcs, Hcs_lower=self.Hcms_lower, Hcs_lower_mass=self.Hcs_lower,
# Fire safety
Tflashs=self.Tflashs, Tautoignitions=self.Tautoignitions, LFLs=self.LFLs, UFLs=self.UFLs,
# Other safety
TWAs=self.TWAs, STELs=self.STELs, Ceilings=self.Ceilings, Skins=self.Skins,
Carcinogens=self.Carcinogens, legal_statuses=self.legal_statuses, economic_statuses=self.economic_statuses,
# Environmental
GWPs=self.GWPs, ODPs=self.ODPs, logPs=self.logPs,
Psat_298s=self.Psat_298s, Hvap_298s=self.Hvapm_298s,
Hvap_298s_mass=self.Hvap_298s, Vml_Tms=self.Vml_Tms,
rhos_Tms=self.rhoms_Tm, rhos_Tms_mass=self.rhos_Tms, Vms_Tms=self.Vms_Tms,
# Analytical
RIs=self.RIs, RI_Ts=self.RI_Ts, conductivities=self.conductivities,
conductivity_Ts=self.conductivity_Ts,
# Odd constants
charges=self.charges, dipoles=self.dipoles, Stockmayers=self.Stockmayers,
molecular_diameters=self.molecular_diameters, Van_der_Waals_volumes=self.Van_der_Waals_volumes,
Van_der_Waals_areas=self.Van_der_Waals_areas, Parachors=self.Parachors, StielPolars=self.StielPolars,
atomss=self.atomss, atom_fractions=self.atom_fractionss,
similarity_variables=self.similarity_variables, phase_STPs=self.phase_STPs,
UNIFAC_Rs=self.UNIFAC_Rs, UNIFAC_Qs=self.UNIFAC_Qs, solubility_parameters=self.solubility_parameters_STP,
# Other identifiers
PubChems=self.PubChems, formulas=self.formulas, smiless=self.smiless, InChIs=self.InChIs,
InChI_Keys=self.InChI_Keys,
# Groups
UNIFAC_groups=self.UNIFAC_groups, UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups=self.UNIFAC_Dortmund_groups,
PSRK_groups=self.PSRK_groups)
return self._constants
[docs] def properties(self, copy_pures=True, copy_mixtures=True):
try:
return self._properties
except AttributeError:
pass
from thermo.chemical_package import PropertyCorrelationsPackage
constants = self.constants
kwargs = dict(constants=constants)
if copy_pures:
kwargs.update(VaporPressures=self.VaporPressures, SublimationPressures=self.SublimationPressures,
VolumeGases=self.VolumeGases, VolumeLiquids=self.VolumeLiquids, VolumeSolids=self.VolumeSolids,
HeatCapacityGases=self.HeatCapacityGases, HeatCapacityLiquids=self.HeatCapacityLiquids,
HeatCapacitySolids=self.HeatCapacitySolids,
ViscosityGases=self.ViscosityGases, ViscosityLiquids=self.ViscosityLiquids,
ThermalConductivityGases=self.ThermalConductivityGases, ThermalConductivityLiquids=self.ThermalConductivityLiquids,
ThermalConductivitySolids=self.ThermalConductivitySolids,
EnthalpyVaporizations=self.EnthalpyVaporizations, EnthalpySublimations=self.EnthalpySublimations,
SurfaceTensions=self.SurfaceTensions, PermittivityLiquids=self.Permittivities)
if copy_mixtures:
kwargs.update(VolumeGasMixtureObj=self.VolumeGasMixture, VolumeLiquidMixtureObj=self.VolumeLiquidMixture,
VolumeSolidMixtureObj=self.VolumeSolidMixture,
HeatCapacityGasMixtureObj=self.HeatCapacityGasMixture,
HeatCapacityLiquidMixtureObj=self.HeatCapacityLiquidMixture,
HeatCapacitySolidMixtureObj=self.HeatCapacitySolidMixture,
ViscosityGasMixtureObj=self.ViscosityGasMixture,
ViscosityLiquidMixtureObj=self.ViscosityLiquidMixture,
ThermalConductivityGasMixtureObj=self.ThermalConductivityGasMixture,
ThermalConductivityLiquidMixtureObj=self.ThermalConductivityLiquidMixture,
SurfaceTensionMixtureObj=self.SurfaceTensionMixture)
self._properties = PropertyCorrelationsPackage(**kwargs)
return self._properties